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Gender, Sexual Orientation, and Social Inequality Chapter 8 Gender, Sexual Orientation, and.

The Historical Context of the Study of Gender Feminism: The belief that women and men are or should be equal.

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Running time 30 min (1979) original title Country United States Language English.

The documentary, first released in 1979 and since revised and updated four times, focuses on images of women in advertising, in particular on gender stereotypes, the effects of advertising on womens self-image, and the objectification of womens bodies.

Using modern print and television advertisements, the films make connections between unrealistic media portrayals of women and problems such as eating disorders, mens violence against women, and the political backlash against feminism.

The documentary has had four editions, each updating the previous release.

This update focuses on the same themes as previous versions, while also reviewing if and how the image of women in advertising has changed over the last 20 years.

This update uses contemporary print and television ads to examine how women are represented in the media, noting that the more things have changed, the more theyve stayed the same.

Paul Rutherford criticized Kilbourne for a crusade against advertising, arguing that in the documentary she is conflating pornography and erotica, not noticing the satirical and artistic values of advertising, and ignoring the influence of the world of fashion.

That title was updated and released as The Strength to Resist: Advertisings Impact on Women and Girls, featuring Gloria Steinem, Amy Richards, Gail Dines, Valerie Batts, Jamila Batts, Catherine Steiner Adair, and others.

Battleground: M-Z.

Greenwood Publishing Group.

ISBN 978-0-313-34039-0.

Embodied Resistance: Challenging the Norms, Breaking the Rules.

Vanderbilt University Press.

ISBN 978-0-8265-1787-6.

Journal of Consumer Marketing.

University of Toronto Press.

The Sexual Alarm System: Womens Unwanted Response to Sexual Intimacy and How to Overcome It.

Sex in Advertising: Perspectives on the Erotic Appeal.

Routledge. p. 10.

ISBN 978-1-4106-0706-5.

Women Studies and Advertising Role Portrayal Sensitivity: How Easy is it to Raise Feminist Consciousness.

Journal of Current Issues Research in Advertising.

ISBN 978-0-313-29164-7.

In Marshall, Elizabeth; Sensoy, zlem (eds.).

Rethinking Popular Culture and Media.

Katzman; Susan C.

Wooley (eds.). Still Killing Us Softly: Advertising and the Obsession with Thinness.

Deadly persuasion: why women and girls must fight the addictive power of advertising.

Free Press. ISBN 978-0-684-86599-7.

Psychology of Women Quarterly.

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Killing Us Softly 4 Transcript